Anti-viral dry cleaning process

ABSTRACT

Provided herein is a method of treating material that is contaminated with a virus, comprising exposing the material to vapor, wherein the vapor is produced by heating and/or vaporizing a dry cleaning solvent, and wherein the method at least partially deactivates the virus.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.63/171,362, filed Apr. 6, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Application No.63/021,788, filed May 8, 2020. The entire contents of these applicationare incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only insidethe living cells of an organism. Many viruses evade immune responsesfrom animals and humans, resulting in chronic infections. SARS-CoV-2,the virus that causes COVID-19, is not the same as the coronavirusesthat commonly circulate among humans and cause mild illness, like thecommon cold. Although it is still unclear how long SARS-CoV-2 cansurvive on clothing, experts recommend caution when laundering clothesand other materials in order to help control the spread of the virus.

There remains a need to properly treat clothes, household fabric goods,and personal protective equipment to safely remove viruses.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Provided herein is a method of treating material that is contaminatedwith SARS-CoV-2 virus or a variant thereof, comprising exposing thematerial to vapor, heat, and dry cleaning solvent, wherein the vapor isproduced by heating and/or vaporizing a dry cleaning solvent, andwherein the method at least partially deactivates the virus.

In an embodiment of the method, the material is exposed to the heat,vapor, and dry cleaning solvent during the washing cycle of a drycleaning process, the drying cycle of a dry cleaning process, or acombination of both. In another embodiment of the method, the materialand dry cleaning solvent are added to the chamber of a dry cleaningmachine.

In an embodiment of the method, the vapor is produced during the processof vaporization, wherein a liquid is converted to a gas. In anembodiment of the method, the process of vaporization occurs, whereinthe application of heat converts liquid to a gas. In another embodimentof the method, the process of vaporization occurs, wherein theapplication of pressure converts liquid to a gas.

In an embodiment of the method, the vapor is produced as part of a drycleaning process. The vapor can be produced during the drying cycle ofthe dry cleaning process, or the washing cycle of the dry cleaningprocess. In an embodiment of the method, the vapor reaches a temperatureof at least 70° C. In another embodiment of the method, the chamber ofthe dry cleaning machine is heated to a temperature of 70° C. to 85° C.

In yet another embodiment of the method, the method comprises the stepsof

-   a) exposing the material to dry cleaning solvent, followed by-   b) heating the dry cleaning solvent to form a vapor.

In an embodiment of the method, the dry cleaning solvent furthercomprises water, and vapor is produced by heating dry cleaning solventand water.

In an embodiment of the method, the material is exposed to the vapor for3-75 minutes.

In an embodiment of the method, the material is a fabric. In a furtherembodiment, the fabric is an article of clothing or household fabricitem. In yet another embodiment, the material comprises polypropylenefibers.

In an embodiment of the method, the vapor is produced as part of a drycleaning process. In a further embodiment, the vapor is produced duringthe drying cycle of a dry cleaning process. In yet another embodiment,the vapor is produced during the washing cycle of a dry cleaningprocess. In an embodiment, the vapor reaches a temperature of at least70° C. In another embodiment of the method, the chamber of the drycleaning machine is heated to a temperature of 70° C. to 85° C.

In an embodiment, the dry cleaning solvent has a flash point of at least60° C. In an embodiment, the material is exposed to the vapor for 3-75minutes. In an embodiment, the vapor is produced by heating and/orvaporizing a dry cleaning solvent and water.

In an embodiment, the virus has a lipid-containing coating, and themethod destroys the lipid-containing coating. In an embodiment, thevapor comprises submicron liquid particles of solvent that penetrate thelipid coating of the virus. In an embodiment, the virus has alipid-containing coating or envelope, and the method destroys ordisrupts the lipid-containing coating. In an embodiment, the vaporcomprises submicron liquid particles of solvent that penetrate thelipid-containing coating of the virus.

In an embodiment of the method, the vapor is produced by heating and/orvaporizing a dry cleaning solvent and water. In a further embodiment,the vapor comprises submicron liquid particles of solvent that penetratethe lipid-containing coating of the virus.

In an embodiment of the method, the dry cleaning solvent is asiloxane-based solvent. In a further embodiment of the method, thesiloxane-based solvent is decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5),octamethyltetracyclosiloxane, or dodecamethylhexacyclosiloxane. In stillanother embodiment of the method, the siloxane-based solvent isdecamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5).

In another embodiment of the method, the vapor is produced in a rotatingdrum, where said drum tumbles the material such that the material iscontacted by the vapor. In still another embodiment of the method, thevapor is injected into the rotating drum at a pressure of 0.5 psi -1000psi.

In yet another embodiment of the method, the fabric is an article ofclothing or a fabric household good. In another embodiment of themethod, the material comprises wool, polyester and/or polyester blendfibers. In yet another embodiment of the method, the material comprisescotton, hemp, wool, rayon, polyester, acrylic, silk, or nylon, or blendsthereof.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating material thatis contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 virus or a variant thereof, comprisingexposing the material to a dry cleaning solvent, followed by a dryingstep at 45° C. - 85° C. wherein the solvent is removed, wherein themethod at least partially deactivates the virus.

In an embodiment, the method is part of a dry cleaning process.

In an embodiment of the method, the drying cycle takes place over 3-75minutes.

In an embodiment of the method, the dry cleaning solvent is asiloxane-based solvent. In a further embodiment, the siloxane-basedsolvent is decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5),octamethyltetracyclosiloxane, or dodecamethylhexacyclosiloxane. In apreferred embodiment, the siloxane-based solvent isdecamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5).

In another embodiment of the method, the material is a fabric. Inanother embodiment of the method, the fabric is an article of clothingor a fabric household good. In another embodiment of the method, thematerial comprises wool, polyester and/or polyester blend fibers. In yetanother embodiment of the method, the material comprises cotton, hemp,wool, rayon, polyester, acrylic, silk, or nylon, or blends thereof. Inanother embodiment, the material can also comprise polypropylene fibers.In still another embodiment, the material comprises a natural skin.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating material thatis contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 or a variant thereof, comprisingexposing the material to vapor, wherein the vapor is produced by heatingand/or vaporizing a dry cleaning solvent, and wherein the method atleast partially deactivates the virus.

In yet another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating materialthat is contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 or a variant thereof, comprisingexposing the material to heat and dry cleaning solvent, and wherein themethod at least partially deactivates the virus.

In another embodiment, the vapor is produced in a rotating drum, wheresaid drum tumbles the material such that the material is contacted bythe vapor. In an embodiment, the material is a material that has beenidentified as being contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 or is potentiallycontaminated with SARS-CoV-2. In yet another embodiment, the vapor isinjected into the rotating drum at a pressure of 0.5 psi - 1000 psi.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the test system.

FIG. 2 shows the percent log reduction efficacy of each of the simulateddry cleaning processes and the total process in deactivating SARS-CoV-2infected wool blend fabric material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Provided herein is a method of treating material that is contaminatedwith a virus. The material can be a fabric, such as an article ofclothing or household fabric, such as a blanket, towel, or tablecloth.The material can also be clothes, linens, sheets, blankets, rugs,carpets, draperies, coats, and mixtures thereof. In other embodiments,the material is any item made of fabric. In other embodiments, thematerial is any item made of natural skins.

In an embodiment, the material is a material that has been identified asbeing contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 or is potentially contaminated withSARS-CoV-2.

In embodiments, the method relies on a vapor that is introduced to thematerial in order to deactivate the virus. As necessary, the vapor isproduced at a particular temperature and/or pressure. The vapor can beexposed to the material as part of a dry cleaning process. The source ofthe vapor can be a solvent, such as a dry cleaning solvent, such as D5.The vapor can be produced during one or more cycles of the dry cleaningprocess, such as the washing cycle or drying cycle of the dry cleaningprocess. The source of the vapor can also be water, producing steamvapor, either alone or in combination with a dry cleaning solvent.

Thus, in an aspect, provided herein is a method of treating materialthat is contaminated with a virus, comprising exposing the material tovapor, heat, and dry cleaning solvent. In an embodiment, the virus isSARS-CoV-2 or a variant thereof. The vapor can be produced by heatingand/or vaporizing a dry cleaning solvent. The vapor, heat, and drycleaning solvent can be exposed to the material as part of a drycleaning process. In an embodiment, the dry cleaning solvent is D5. Thesource of the vapor can be a solvent, such as a dry cleaning solvent,such as D5. The vapor can be produced during one or more cycles of thedry cleaning process, such as the washing cycle or drying cycle of thedry cleaning process. The source of the vapor can also be water,producing steam vapor, either alone or in combination with a drycleaning solvent.

Thus, in an aspect, provided herein is a method of treating materialthat is contaminated with a virus, comprising exposing the material toheat and dry cleaning solvent. In an embodiment, the virus is SARS-CoV-2or a variant thereof. The heat and dry cleaning solvent can be exposedto the material as part of a dry cleaning process. In an embodiment, thedry cleaning solvent is D5. The material can be exposed to heat duringone or more cycles of the dry cleaning process, such as the washingcycle or drying cycle of the dry cleaning process.

The material can be a fabric, such as an article of clothing orhousehold fabric item, such as a clothes, linens, sheets, blankets,rugs, carpets, draperies, coats, and mixtures thereof. The material canalso comprise polypropylene fibers, which can be found in personalprotective equipment, such as an n95 masks. The material can alsocomprise wool, polyester and/or polyester blend fibers.

The material can be cotton, hemp, wool, rayon, polyester, acrylic, silk,or nylon, or blends thereof.

In other embodiments, the material is any item made of fabric comprisedof wool. In other embodiments, the material is any item made of fabriccomprised of polyester. In other embodiments, the material is any itemmade of fabric comprised of polyester and wool. In other embodiments,the material is any item made of fabric comprised of a polyester blend.In still another embodiment, the fabric is comprised of a combination ofwool, polyester and/or a polyester blend.

As used herein, “COVID-19” refers to a contagious disease caused by thecoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants thereof. COVID-19, alsoknown as Covid-19, is the viral illness responsible for the globalpandemic which originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It ischaracterized by a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from none tolife-threatening illness. Severe cases typically involve respiratorycompromise and/or cardiovascular collapse, potentially leading tomultisystem organ failure and/or death.

As used herein, “deactivate a virus” means reduce the ability of thevirus to infect a host cell and/or reproduce within a host cell. In someembodiments, “deactivate a virus” means reduce the ability of the virusto cause disease in a subject. In some embodiments, “deactivate a virus”means reduce the ability of the virus to cause severe disease in asubject, where severe disease is characterized by respiratoryinsufficiency or failure and/or cardiovascular insufficiency or failure.For example, without limitation, destruction or disruption of thelipid-containing coating or envelope of a virus results in deactivationof the virus. SARS-COV-2 is an enveloped virus that is surrounded by alipid bilayer.

The virus, such as SARS-CoV-2 or a variant thereof, can be deactivatedby at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40,45, 50, 55 60, 65, 70, 75, 80,85, 90, 95, or 100 percent.

As used herein, “host cell” refers to any cell capable of being infectedby the virus. In certain embodiments, a host cell is a naturallyoccurring mammalian cell. In certain embodiments, a host cell is part ofa cell line. In certain embodiments, a host cell is a mammalian cellthat has been modified so that it is capable of being infected by thevirus. In certain embodiments, a host cell is a cell of a subject.

As used herein, a “subject” is a mammal. In certain embodiments, asubject is selected from the group consisting of mice, rats, bats,guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, cows,non-human primates, and humans. In certain embodiments, a subject is ahuman.

In an embodiment, the virus, such as a coronavirus, is deactivatedduring a standard dry cleaning process, using solvent with or withoutwater, wherein the vapor that comprises solvent and/or water isintroduced into the system at the temperature and/or pressure that isdescribed herein. In another embodiment, the virus, such as acoronavirus, is deactivated with vapor produced from a dry cleaningsolvent, such as D5, during either the washing cycle or the dryingcycle. In embodiments, the dry cleaning solvent vapor does not comprisesteam from water. In another embodiment, the dry cleaning solvent vaporcomprises D5 and steam from water. In still another embodiment, thevapor is steam from water, wherein the vapor does not comprise any drycleaning solvent. In another embodiment, the virus, such as acoronavirus, is deactivated with dry cleaning solvent, such as D5,during either the washing cycle or the drying cycle. In anotherembodiment, the virus, such as a coronavirus, is deactivated with heatand dry cleaning solvent, such as D5, during either the washing cycle orthe drying cycle.

Thus, provided herein is a method of treating material that iscontaminated with a virus, comprising exposing the material to vapor,wherein the vapor is produced by heating and/or vaporizing a drycleaning solvent, and wherein the method at least partially deactivatesthe virus. The material can be a fabric, such as an article of clothingor household fabric item, such as a clothes, linens, sheets, blankets,rugs, carpets, draperies, coats, and mixtures thereof. The material canalso comprise polypropylene fibers, which can be found in personalprotective equipment, such as an n95 masks. The material can alsocomprise wool, polyester and/or polyester blend fibers.

In an embodiment, the material is a material that has been identified asbeing contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 or is potentially contaminated withSARS-CoV-2.

In an embodiment, the virus, such as a coronavirus, is deactivatedduring a standard dry cleaning process, using heat and dry cleaningsolvent, wherein the material is exposed to the dry cleaning solvent atthe temperature and/or pressure that is described herein. In anotherembodiment, the virus, such as a coronavirus, is deactivated with drycleaning solvent, such as D5, during either the washing cycle or thedrying cycle. In another embodiment, the dry cleaning solvent comprisesD5 and water.

Thus, provided herein is a method of treating material that iscontaminated with a virus, comprising exposing the material to heat anddry cleaning solvent, wherein the method at least partially deactivatesthe virus. The material can be a fabric, such as an article of clothingor household fabric item, such as a clothes, linens, sheets, blankets,rugs, carpets, draperies, coats, and mixtures thereof. The material canalso comprise polypropylene fibers, which can be found in personalprotective equipment, such as an n95 masks. The material can alsocomprise cotton, hemp, wool, rayon, polyester, acrylic, silk, or nylon,or blends thereof.

In an embodiment, the virus, such as a coronavirus, is deactivatedduring a standard dry cleaning process, using vapor, heat and drycleaning solvent, wherein the material is exposed to the dry cleaningsolvent at the temperature and/or pressure that is described herein. Inanother embodiment, vapor is introduced into the system at thetemperature and/or pressure that is described herein. In anotherembodiment, the virus, such as a coronavirus, is deactivated with drycleaning solvent, such as D5, during either the washing cycle or thedrying cycle. In another embodiment, the dry cleaning solvent comprisesD5 and water. In another embodiment, the virus, such as a coronavirus,is deactivated with vapor produced from a dry cleaning solvent, such asD5, during either the washing cycle or the drying cycle. In embodiments,the dry cleaning solvent vapor does not comprise steam from water. Inanother embodiment, the dry cleaning solvent vapor comprises D5 andsteam from water. In still another embodiment, the vapor is steam fromwater, wherein the vapor does not comprise any dry cleaning solvent.

Thus, provided herein is a method of treating material that iscontaminated with a virus, comprising exposing the material to vapor,heat and dry cleaning solvent, wherein the method at least partiallydeactivates the virus. The material can be a fabric, such as an articleof clothing or household fabric item, such as a clothes, linens, sheets,blankets, rugs, carpets, draperies, coats, and mixtures thereof. Thematerial can also comprise polypropylene fibers, which can be found inpersonal protective equipment, such as an n95 masks. The material canalso comprise cotton, hemp, wool, rayon, polyester, acrylic, silk, ornylon, or blends thereof.

The method provided herein can be used to treat any number of viruses.Viruses that can be treated by the methods disclosed herein include, forexample adenovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis,and poliovirus. In an embodiment, the virus is coronavirus. In anotherembodiment, the virus has a lipid-containing coating, and the methoddestroys or disrupts the lipid-containing coating.

In non-limiting embodiments, a fabric, such as an article of clothing orhousehold fabric, is placed in the washing or extraction chamber(referred to as the “basket” or “drum”), which constitutes the core ofthe machine. The washing chamber contains a perforated drum that rotateswithin an outer shell. The shell holds the solvent while the rotatingdrum holds the garment load.

In an aspect, provided herein is a method of treating material that iscontaminated with SARS-CoV-2 virus or a variant thereof, comprisingexposing the material to vapor, heat, and D5, wherein the vapor isproduced by heating and/or vaporizing D5, and wherein the method atleast partially deactivates the virus.

Dry Cleaning Process

In an embodiment, the dry cleaning process contains the elements of anormal dry cleaning process with additional steps that deactivate thevirus. In an embodiment, the virus is SARS-CoV-2 or a variant thereof.The dry cleaning process is performed over the course of two cycles; thewash cycle and the drying cycle. The deactivation of the virus can beperformed in the wash cycle, the dry cycle, or in both cycles. Eachcycle is performed by combining a number of steps. Each step can becustomized to create a desired result. The dry cleaning machine can runvarious processes depending on the type of clothing or fabric which isto be cleaned.

The first cycle is the wash cycle. During the wash cycle, the chamber ispartially filled with solvent, wetting out the clothing, and the chamberbegins to rotate. The rotation agitates the clothing or other fabrics tobe cleaned. In an embodiment, the solvent temperature can be an ambienttemperature. In another embodiment, the solvent temperature can becontrolled by raising or lowering the temperature as required. Duringthe wash step, the solvent in the chamber is circulated out of thechamber and then back into the chamber, saturating the clothing or otherfabrics. In another embodiment, the solvent is passed through a filterbefore returning to the chamber. In another embodiment, the solventfilter is bypassed for a given period of time before the filter is used.This process is known as the wash step and is continued for the washduration. In another embodiment, the solvent is then removed and is sentto a distillation unit consisting of a distillation chamber andcondenser. The condensed solvent is fed into a separator unit wherewater in the solvent is separated from the solvent. The remainingsolvent is then fed into the “clean solvent” tank. In anotherembodiment, the solvent is then removed and returned to a holding tank.

A typical wash step lasts for the number of minutes described herein. Adry cleaning surfactant soap or other cleaning aid can also be added inaddition to the dry cleaning solvent.

In an embodiment, the deactivation of the virus is incorporated into thewash cycle. The deactivation of the virus consists of vapor introducedinto the chamber while the clothing tumbles. The vapor is composed ofsilicone fluid. The vapor can be created externally and introduced tothe chamber. The vapor can also be created by the fluid already in thechamber.

In an embodiment, the clothing is saturated with silicone fluid and thenheated. The fluid vaporizes and the clothing is tumbled in its presence.This is called the vapor step. The vapor step lasts for a predeterminedamount of time. The vapor step can be before the wash step, during thewash step, or after the wash step. In another embodiment, the vapor stepreplaces the wash step.

At the end of the wash step, the machine can start a rinse step wherethe fabric is rinsed with freshly distilled or filtered solventdispensed from one of the solvent tanks. This process is known as the“second bath” or the “rinse step.” In an embodiment, the vapor stepoccurs during the rinse step. In another embodiment, the vapor stepoccurs after the rinse step.

After the rinse step, the machine begins the extraction step, whichextracts, via centrifugal force, a portion of the solvent remaining inthe clothing or other fabrics. Modern machines can recover most of thesolvent employed. The extraction step begins by draining the solventfrom the washing chamber and accelerating the basket from 40 to 1000rpm, causing much of the solvent to spin free of the fabric. In anembodiment, the extraction is done at a single speed. In anotherembodiment, the extraction is done at multiple speeds over a series ofsteps. After extraction, the machine starts the drying cycle.

The drying cycle consists of two steps. The first step is the dryingstep. During the drying step, the garments are tumbled in a stream ofwarm air that circulates through the basket. The temperature of the airis controlled to a desired temperature. The remaining solvent within theclothing or textiles evaporates in the warm air. The warm air exhaust isthen drawn over a chilled evaporator, which is colder than the airstream, and the solvent condenses. The condensed solvent is then fedinto a separator unit where the water in the solvent is separated fromthe solvent. The remaining solvent is then fed into a holding tank forreuse. Modern dry cleaning machines employ a closed loop system in whichthe chilled air is reheated and recirculated. This results in highsolvent recovery rates and reduced air emissions.

After the drying step is complete, a cool-down step begins. In thisstep, the heat is turned off, the air is allowed to continue passingthrough the basket, and then over the chiller evaporator. The cool airthen returns into the basket and further cools the basket and thegarments within the basket. This has the effect of reducing the airtemperature inside the basket until a desired temperature is reached. Acooler temperature will reduce wrinkling and allow workers to handle thefinished garments safely.

In an embodiment, the vapor step is incorporated into the dry cycle. Thevapor step can occur before the drying step, during the drying step, orafter the drying step. The vapor step also can occur before thecool-down step, during the cool-down step, or after the cool-down step.In an embodiment, the clothing is gently extracted after the wash cycle.The light extract can be performed by utilizing a slow extraction speedor a high extraction speed for a short time. The drying step begins andthe clothing is heated. When the clothing has reached a sufficienttemperature, the movement of air within the basket is temporarilystopped, allowing the vapor to remain in contact with the clothinglonger. The clothing is tumbled in the vapor to encourage high contactwith the vapor. After a sufficient time, the dry step returns to fullair circulation. In one embodiment, the clothing is extracted once moreprior to resuming the drying step. There can be multiple vapor stepswithin the drying cycle.

After the cool-down step, the drying cycle is now complete and thus thedry cleaning process is complete. After the dry cleaning process, thegarments are clean and ready for pressing and finishing.

While the deactivation of the virus is normally incorporated into astandard dry cleaning process, in an embodiment, the deactivation of thevirus can be performed in the absence of a dry cleaning process. Forexample, the clothing can be passed through a vapor and then dried in acontinuous process. In one embodiment, the material that is contaminatedwith a virus is treated by a system and method for dry cleaning articlesusing a dry cleaning solvent.

In an embodiment, the material and dry cleaning solvent are added to thechamber. The material is washed for a given period of time with orwithout filtration or in a stepwise combination. In an embodiment, aportion of the dry cleaning solvent is extracted by accelerating thechamber at a given rate and for a given amount of time. In anembodiment, the chamber accelerates at a slower given rate and is heateduntil a given temperature is reached. In an embodiment, the heatingstops, and the vapor forms around and through the material. In a furtherembodiment, this step lasts for a given period of time, after which thechamber accelerates to a given rate, removing the remaining solvent fromthe material.

Thus, provided herein is a method of treating material that iscontaminated with SARS- CoV-2, comprising exposing the material tovapor, heat, and dry cleaning solvent. In an embodiment, the material isexposed to a dry cleaning solvent, such as D5. This step can be referredto as a “washing cycle,” and can also occur in a chamber of a drycleaning machine. The exposure can take place for any of the timedurations described herein. Then, a portion of the dry cleaning solventcan optionally be removed by, for example, extraction. The material anddry cleaning solvent are then heated to any of the temperaturesdescribed herein, and a dry cleaning solvent vapor forms around andthrough the material. This step can be referred to as a “drying cycle.”This step can also occur in a chamber of a dry cleaning machine. Thematerial is exposed to the vapor for any of the time durations describedherein. The solvent and vapor can then be removed. This processdeactivates SARS-CoV-2. In an embodiment of this method, the chamber ofthe dry cleaning machine is at a temperature of 0° C. to 85° C. Inanother embodiment of the method, the chamber of the dry cleaningmachine is heated to a temperature of 70° C. to 85° C. In still anotherembodiment of the method, the chamber of the dry cleaning machine isheated to a temperature of 70° C. to 85° C. In still another embodimentof the method, the chamber of the dry cleaning machine is heated to atemperature of 70° C. These temperatures can occur during the washingcycle, the drying cycle, or both.

The dry cleaning process can take place in any number of dry cleaningmachines. Such machines are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,613,804 and8,123,819, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties.

Dry cleaning solvents useful herein include any hydrocarbons andhydrocarbons blended with other chemicals. In addition, the solvent usedin the methods of the present invention can comprise an organo-silicone,i.e., an organic/inorganic hybrid solvent. Organo-silicones usefulherein include cyclic siloxanes and linear siloxanes. The chemicalcharacteristics of these cyclic and linear siloxanes allow the drycleaning systems according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention to operate without dependency on distillation.

Any suitable cyclic or linear siloxane can be used with the presentinvention, such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,042,618, theentire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Of thesesiloxanes, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, a pentamer commonly referred toas D5, is presently preferred.

In an embodiment, the dry cleaning solvent is a siloxane-based solvent.In an embodiment, the siloxane-based solvent isdecamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), octamethyltetracyclosiloxane, ordodecamethylhexacyclosiloxane. In still another embodiment, thesiloxane-based solvent is decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5).

In an embodiment, the dry cleaning solvent has a flash point of at least43° C., 49° C., 54° C., 60° C., 66° C., 71° C., or 77° C. In anotherembodiment, the flash point is 54° C. - 66° C. In another embodiment,the flash point is 57° C. - 63° C. In another embodiment, the flashpoint is at least 60° C. In another embodiment, the flash point is 77°C.

In embodiments, the material is exposed to the vapor for 3-75 minutes,10-70 minutes, 15-65 minutes, 20-60 minutes, 25-55 minutes, 30-50minutes, or 35-45 minutes. In other embodiments, the material is exposedto the vapor for 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65,70, or 75 minutes. In the method, the vapor reaches a temperature of atleast 50° C., at least 55° C., at least 60° C., at least 65° C., atleast 70° C., at least 75° C., at least 80° C., at least 85° C., or atleast 90° C. The vapor can reach a temperature of 50° C. - 90° C., 55°C. - 85° C., 60° C. -80° C., 65° C. - 75° C., or 68° C. - 72° C.

In embodiments, the material is exposed to the dry cleaning solvent for3-75 minutes, 5-75 minutes, 10-70 minutes, 15-65 minutes, 20-60 minutes,25-55 minutes, 30-50 minutes, or 35-45 minutes. In other embodiments,the material is exposed to the dry cleaning solvent for 3, 5, 10, 15,20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, or 75 minutes.

In the method, the drying cleaning solvent reaches a temperature of atleast 50° C., at least 55° C., at least 60° C., at least 65° C., atleast 70° C. The drying solvent can reach a temperature of 50° C. - 90°C., 55° C. - 85° C., 60° C. - 80° C., 65° C. - 75° C., or 68° C. - 72°C.ln embodiments of the methods provided herein, wherein the vapor isproduced as part of a dry cleaning process. In embodiments of themethod, the vapor is produced during the drying cycle of a dry cleaningprocess. In other embodiments, the vapor is produced during the washingcycle of a dry cleaning process.

The vapor can be produced in a rotating drum, where said drum tumblesthe material such that the material is contacted by the vapor. The vaporcan be introduced into the rotating drum at an appropriate pressure,such as 0.5 psi - 1000 psi, such as 70 psi, 80 psi, 90 psi, 100 psi, 110psi, 120 psi, 130 psi, 140 psi, 150 psi, 160 psi, 170 psi, 180 psi, 190psi, 200 psi, 210 psi, or 220 psi.

In an embodiment of the method, the rotating drum or chamber of the drycleaning machine is at a temperature of 0° C. to 85° C. In anotherembodiment of the method, the rotating drum or chamber of the drycleaning machine is heated to a temperature of 70° C. to 85° C. In stillanother embodiment of the method, the rotating drum or chamber of thedry cleaning machine is heated to a temperature of 70° C. to 85° C. Instill another embodiment of the method, the rotating drum or chamber ofthe dry cleaning machine is heated to a temperature of 70° C. Thesetemperatures can occur during the washing cycle, the drying cycle, orboth.

In an embodiment of the method provided herein, 100%, 99%, 98%, 97%,96%, 95%, 94%, 93%, 92%, 91%, 90%, 89%, 88%, 87%, 86%, 85%, 84%, 83%,82%, 81%, 80%, 79%, 78%, 77%, 76%, 75%, 74%, 73%, 72%, 71%, 70%, 69%,68%, 67%, 66%, 65%, 64%, 63%, 62%, 61%, 60% of the virus is deactivated.

In an embodiment, the methods provided herein reduce the amount of viruson the material. In another embodiment, 100%, 99%, 98%, 97%, 96%, 95%,94%, 93%, 92%, 91%, 90%, 89%, 88%, 87%, 86%, 85%, 84%, 83%, 82%, 81%,80%, 79%, 78%, 77%, 76%, 75%, 74%, 73%, 72%, 71%, 70%, 69%, 68%, 67%,66%, 65%, 64%, 63%, 62%, 61%, 60% of the virus is reduced.

The term “vaporizing” refers to transitioning or converting into vapor.

EXPERIMENTAL I. Objective

The emergent threat of COVID-19 infection originating from SARS-CoV-2and the high rate of transmission associated severe illness andfatalities, has created a needed response for rapid development andevaluation of effective countermeasures. Testing and evaluation wasconducted on a modified dry cleaning process in simulated testingagainst SARS-CoV-2 contaminated fabric. The dry cleaning fluid, drycleaning heat, wash and spin cycles, and enhanced vapor effects duringthe simulated washing and drying cycles in the drying process wereevaluated in independent tests for measuring efficacy in the destructionof SARS-CoV-2.

II. Equipment

1. Heating cabinet equipped with heat source, recirculation fans, dryinggrate, and vapor exposure manifold

2. Omega digital temperature monitor with type K thermocouple

3. SKC vapor diffusion cells with temperature regulated heat block

4. Omega digital flow meter and flow controller

5. Beckman centrifuge and vortex

6. Electric tumbler

III. Methods - Testing Description

The tested cleaning solution is used as a silicone based environmentallyfriendly, nontoxic, non-hazardous and extremely gentle alternative topetrochemicals. The silicone based solution is used as a medium in thedry cleaning process. The silicone medium offers a sustainablealternative to conventional washing and reduces the amount of waterrequired and the amount of energy needed. This testing evaluated thesilicone based solution for efficacy in SARS-CoV-2 decontamination fromclothing material in simulated dry cleaning trials.

The test fabric consisted of 71% wool, 25% polyester, and 4% polyesterblend in a tight material weave. The silicone consisted of puredecamethylcyclopentasiloxane (100% D5). The solution (100% D5) has ahigh flash point (77° C.), and low surface tension (17.42 dynes/cm²),which provides vaporization and penetration through fabric materialsduring the dry cleaning process.

Testing was conducted to evaluate the specific dry cleaning solution(100% D5), in individual dry cleaning process steps, and the overall drycleaning process to evaluate efficacy in the destruction of SARS-CoV-2contaminated fabric.

The log reduction effectiveness of the dry cleaning process was testedagainst an envelope virus (SARS-CoV-2) strain USA-WA1/2020. The completegenome of USA -WA1/2020 has been sequenced. The Isolate GenBank:MN985325 and after one passage in Vero cells GenBank: MT020880. Thecomplete genome of SARS-CoV 2 strain USA-WA1/2020 has been sequencedafter four passages in collaboration with Database for Reference GradeMicrobial Sequence (FDA-ARGOS; GenBank: MT246667). Each vial used onstudy contained approximately 0.5 mL of cell lysate and supernatant fromCercopithecus aethiops kidney cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 isolateUSA-WA1/2020.

The dry cleaning process as modified and utilized in a temperature andhumidity controlled biological level 3 laboratory environment. Testingevaluated SARS-CoV-2 inoculated wool blend fabric coupons with theaddition of 100% D5 solution wash medium, fabric coupons without washadditive, dry cleaning heat, and silicone medium vapor production duringthe drying process in the deactivation of viable virus.

Additional testing was conducted to evaluate the wash and rinseremoval/deactivation of the virus from wool coupons. For test resultevaluation, positive control coupons were similarly prepared to testcoupons and kept at standard room environmental conditions over the sametime course as tested coupons, without being subjected to any of the drycleaning processes. The positive control coupons served as viralconcentration standards to define the efficacy of the various drycleaning process conditions in deactivating the SARS-CoV-2 virus fromtest coupons. A test matrix showing the associated tests, testing datesin headers, coupon test processing, exposure conditions, and samples isshown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Dry Cleaning Process Testing against SARS-CoV-2 Test ConditionsFabric pre-virus application silicone solution wet and wrung (Yes/No)SARS-CoV-2 fabric coupon Inoculation volume (µl) Fabric coupon size (sq.in.) Number of test coupons Coupon exposure test cabinet temperature(°C) Test Chamber fabric coupon exposure test time (min) Couponssubjected to simulated wash & spin cycles (yes/No) Coupon fabricsilicone solution wash volume (mL) Silicone solution rotary wash cycle(RPM) Silicone solution rotary wash cycle time (min) Centrifugepost-wash wringing cycle (RPM) Centrifuge post-wash wringing cycle time(min) Test evaluation of silicone additive and dry cleaning processphase efficacy. Test conducted Jun. 25, 2020 Virus only Room temperaturepositive control No 200 4 3 23 45 No NA NA NA NA NA Virus and siliconeliquid room temperature positive control Yes 3 23 45 No NA NA NA NA NAHeat only exposure No 200 4 3 70 15 No NA NA NA NA NA 3 30 3 45 Heat andsilicone liquid Yes 3 70 15 No NA NA NA NA NA 3 30 3 45 Heat andsilicone liquid + vapor Yes 3 70 15 No NA NA NA NA NA 3 30 3 45 GreenEarth Wash and Spin Rinse cleaning process testing. Test conducted Sep.4, 2020 *Virus only positive control No 200 4 3 23 45 No NA NA NA NA NA*Complete cycle wash and rinse Fabric rotary tumble wash in 3 ounces ofsilicone solution 3 NA 45 Yes 89 mL 35 16 500 4 * Additional testsconducted to evaluate the wash - spin rise cycle of the cleaningprocess. Rotary tumbler wash process.

Preceding the initiation of the study, wool blend fabric material testsamples were autoclaved steam sterilized to eliminate potentialbiological contamination of the test fabric or contaminationinterference in sample analysis. Tests were conducted over three timevariables of either 15, 30, or 45 minutes. Test and positive viralcontrol coupons for all testing were prepared in a class 2 biologicalsafety cabinet using a common viral stock with known titer (range 1 ×10⁶ to 1 × 10⁷ pfu/mL). Individual fabric test coupons, either pre -dampened with solution additive, dry, or wash/rinse processed (testdependent), were placed in coupon and test identification labeledsterile petri dishes. Coupons were inoculated from a standard stockviral suspension with 200 mL of SARS-CoV-2 virus using a calibratedmicropipette. The viral suspension was then evenly coated over the testcoupons using sterile cell spreaders. Coated test coupons and positivecontrol coupons were air dried over the same time course at standardlaboratory conditions (30-50 min) in the biological level 2 safetycabinet prior to testing. Testing was performed to evaluate thefollowing (1) heat, (2) heat and silicone liquid, and (3) heat, siliconeliquid, and vapor production during dry cleaning cycles werecharacterized in independent test trials. Tests were conducted using anenvironmental chamber equipped to simulate each of the three (3) drycleaning processes in the deactivation of SARS-CoV-2. The chamber washoused in a sterile biological level 2 safety cabinet, and was equippedwith internal heaters, temperature regulators, monitors, andcontrollers. The test chamber internal temperature was maintained at 70°C. for all coupon exposure tests simulating heat levels in the dryingphase of the cleaning process. A fan was used at low flow to provideheat recirculation and temperature homogeneity in the test chamber andwas measured using a type K thermocouple probe located in the center ofthe chamber equipped with a calibrated digital temperature monitor. Forthe vapor test phase of the study, a heat block temperature regulateddiffusion cell was housed in the test chamber and regulated at 80° C.for (D5) solution vapor diffusion into a 70° C. flow stream. Thediffusion cell was filled with 10mL of (D5) solution preceding eachfabric coupon vapor exposure test. The diffusion cell was attached to atri-branch test manifold designed to house three (3) test couponssimultaneously in one of three coupon holding tubes for simulating (D5)fabric wash solution vapor produced during the drying cycle of the drycleaning process. The flow manifold was constructed from 1.5 inch insidediameter tubing for vapor transport across the test coupons. Air flow(70° C.) was directed from the test chamber across the diffusion cell toprovide a vapor challenge to each of the three coupon holding locations.A total flow rate of 1.5 L/min was maintained to provide a low flow (500cc/min) delivery of dilute silicone vapor across each of the three testcoupons simultaneously. The approximate vaporization rate of (D5)solution from the diffusion cell was 3.6 mL over a 45 minute testperiod. This vapor diffusion rate equates to 80 µL/min and a volumetricgeneration rate of 56 µL/L of air. Vapor manifold delivery flow wasprovided with a Gast rotary vane vacuum pump with valve control, and adigital flow meter to monitor the flow rate during testing. Non-siliconevapor exposed test coupons (subjected only to heat) were placed on aperforated steel rack in the environmental test chamber. A diagram ofthe test system is shown in FIG. 1 .

Additional testing was conducted to evaluate the wash and rinse process.The additional testing was conducted on evaluated wash and rinse cycleremoval/deactivation of SARS-CoV-2 from the same clothing type (woolblend) used in all tests. For these tests, a rotary tumbler was used toagitate individual SARS-CoV-2 inoculated test fabric coupons in 8 oz.displacement mason jars. The jars were filled with 3 oz., or 89 mL of(100% D5) solution to simulate the wash solution volume displacement ofan actual wash unit used in the dry cleaning process. These test fabriccoupons were pinned to wire frames that negated the fabric from stickingto the jar wall and allowed for actual fabric agitation and flushingaction to closely simulate the actual washing process. These testcoupons (3) were rotary tumbled in individual jars at approximately 35RPM for 16 minutes. Following the wash cycle simulation, the couponswere sterile transferred into individually labeled 50 mL filterseparation conical tubes and spin cycled at 500 rpm for 4 minutes in alab centrifuge. These tests were conducted for evaluation of the washingcycle portion of the individual dry cleaning process, and total combinedprocesses in the deactivation/destruction of SARS-CoV-2 contaminatedfabric.

IV. Methods - Preparing Virus Coupons

Square wool blend fabric coupons with dimensions of 2 inch × 2 inch wereinoculated from a viral stock (range 1 × 10⁶ to 1 × 10⁷ pfu/mL) with 200µ1 of neat virus inoculum using a calibrated pipette. The virus inoculumwas then spread uniformly on the center area ~1.5 inch × 1.5 inch ofeach test coupon. Three (3) coupons were designated as positive controlconcentration baseline coupons. Viral baseline and test process couponswere air dried in a class 2 biological safety cabinet (BL2) forapproximately 30 to 50 minutes. The three (3) positive control viralconcentration baseline coupons were kept at room temperature inside ofthe BL2 cabinet during dry cleaning process testing. Positive controlbaseline concentration coupons were extracted and plated for viral titerfollowing dry cleaning process testing at the same time points as testprocess coupons. Test and positive control baseline coupons were placedin individually labeled 50 mL conical tubes containing 2 mL of DMEMmedia. Samples were then vortexed for 1 minute at 50% speed for viralextraction and assayed for viral enumeration and the calculation ofviral deactivation efficiency.

V. Sample Analysis and Results

Stock virus used for test and control coupon inoculation (SARS-CoV-2,strain USA-WA1/2020) were concentration titered by serial dilution toobtain the 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀). This wasconducted to ensure that sufficient quantities of virus were availablefor testing. Untreated virus control concentrations were assessed toensure that titers remained consistent. For cell and virus cultures,sterile DMEM (Mediatech) supplemented with 7% fetal bovine serum(HyClone), GlutaMax (Gibco), and penicillin-streptomycin-neomycinantibiotic mixture (Gibco) were utilized. Vero E6 cells (monkey kidneycells) that were originally obtained from ATCC (CRL-1586) were used forassays with ASFV. All cells were maintained at 36 °-38° C. and 5% CO₂ ina humidified atmosphere, and cells were seeded into flasks forpropagation and expanded into 96-well plates for titration of SARS-CoV-2virus. Cells were infected with viral coupon sample extractions at 70%confluence and observed for the presence of cytopathic effect (CPE) forfour (4) to five (5) days post-infection. A 10× serial dilution ofcoupon sample viral extractions was applied to cell assay plates at upto an 8-log dilution factor for the presence of viral growth into theplate host cells. Plates were inoculated with 5 replicate samples ateach dilution level, with each row of replicates 10 × more dilute thanthat used in the preceding row for viral cell infectivity detection.Viral propagation plate readings were conducted under high intensitymagnification of each plate cell for viral host cell infectivity andrecorded on a sample test log for positive (+) or negative (-) viralpropagation. Data was entered into a Reed & Muench calculation forsample concentration measurement and determination of the TCID₅₀ (50%tissue culture infectious dose of a virus).

VI. Test Results

Coupon preparation including SARS-CoV-2 inoculation, drying, exposuretesting, extractions, and cell assay plating was conducted in a sterileclass 2 biological safety cabinet. Following a 4 day plate assay viralincubation period, plates were read for viral infectivity and datarecorded on TCID₅₀ test logs. Results were entered into a Reed Muenchdata analysis program for results and comparison of positive testcontrol sample viral titer concentrations to dry cleaning processexposed test coupon results. Tabulated data from the TCID₅₀ test resultswith individual drying cycle simulation, individual washing cyclesimulation, and the complete dry cleaning process measures the efficacyin deactivating SARS-CoV-2. The averaged viral TCID₅₀ deactivation ofthe test coupons tested at each dry cleaning process condition are shownin Table 2. The individual test sample TCID₅₀ results are tabulated inTable 3.

TABLE 2 Individual Dry Cleaning Process and Total Dry Cleaning ProcessTest Results GreenEarth Modified Drying Cycle Simulation Test ResultsJun. 25, 2020 Condition Number of Replicates Time (minutes) Average ofTest Replicates TCID50 Average of Test Replicates LoglO TCID50 Log10Reduction to virus control Percent Log Reduction to Virus ControlAveraged Test Sample Percent Log Reduction to Averaged Virus ControlsVirus Control at room temperature 3 45 4755.95 3.68 NA NA NA SiliconeLiquid Control 3 45 31.62 1.50 NA NA Heat Only 3 15 5336.24 3.73 -0.05-12.20% 14.28% 3 30 4755.95 3.68 0.00 0.00% 3 45 2138.82 3.33 0.3555.03% Heat+ Silicone Vapor 3 15 3389.80 3.53 0.15 28.72% 37.74% 3 302509.91 3.40 0.28 47.23% 3 45 2983.03 3.47 0.20 37.28% Heat+ SiliconeLiquid 3 15 789.83 2.90 0.78 83.39% 75.43% 3 30 1125.46 3.05 0.63 76.34%3 45 1590.08 3.20 0.48 66.57% Heat + Liquid + Vapor 3 15 94.92 1.98 1.7098.00% 96.74% 3 30 138.31 2.14 1.54 97.09% 3 45 232.01 2.37 1.31 95.12%GreenEarth Wash, Spin Rinse Washing Cycle Simulation Test Results Sep.04, 2020 Condition Number of Replicates Time (minutes) Average of TestReplicates TCID50 Average of Test Replicates LoglO TCID50 LoglOReduction to virus control Percent Log Reduction to Virus ControlAveraged Test Sample Percent Log Reduction of complete dry cleaningprocess Virus Control at Room Temperature 3 45 88342.62 4.90 NA NA NASilicone wash, and spin cycle 3 45 35138.40 4.54 0.36 56.18% 56.18%GreenEarth Drying Cycle and Washing Cycle Combined Test Results Completecycle -silicone wash, spin, heat and vapor 3 45 35138.40 4.54 0.3656.18% 98.57%

TABLE 3 TCID₅₀ Individual Sample ID and Results Test Condition Test Time(min) Test Replicate Sample ID TCID₅₀ Avg TCID₅₀ Virus Control at RoomTemperature 45 1 G1-1 7943.2823 4755.94589 45 2 G1-2 3162.2777 45 3 G1-33162.2777 D5 Liquid Only Control 45 1 S-1 31.622777 NA 45 2 S-231.622777 45 3 S-3 31.622777 Heat Only 15 1 G2-15-1 4903.1614 5336.2404715 2 G2-15-2 7943.2823 15 3 G2-15-3 3162.2777 30 1 G2-30-1 7943.28234755.94589 30 2 G2-30-2 3162.2777 30 3 G2-30-3 3162.2777 45 1 G2-45-11995.2623 2138.8218 45 2 G2-45-2 1258.9254 45 3 G2-45-3 3162.2777 Heat &D5 Vapor 15 1 G4-15-1 1995.2623 3389.8041 15 2 G4-15-2 5011.8723 15 3G4-15-3 3162.2777 30 1 G4-30-1 5011.8723 2509.90772 30 2 G4-30-21258.9254 30 3 G4-30-3 1258.9254 45 1 G4-45-1 3162.2777 2983.02655 45 2G4-45-2 3690.622 45 3 G4-45-3 2096.18 Heat & D5 Liquid 15 1 G3-15-1316.22777 789.827138 15 2 G3-15-2 794.32823 15 3 G3-15-3 1258.9254 30 1G3-30-1 879.9254 1125.45736 30 2 G3-30-2 501.18723 30 3 G3-30-31995.2623 45 1 G3-45-1 1258.9254 1590.07555 45 2 G3-45-2 1415.1212 45 3G3-45-3 2096.18 15 1 G5-15-1 79.432823 91.9193696 15 2 G5-15-2 79.43282315 3 G5-15-3 125.89254 30 1 G5-30-1 209.618 138.314455 30 2 G5-30-279.432823 30 3 G5-30-3 125.89254 45 1 G5-45-1 125.89254 232.088834 45 2G5-45-2 444.24142 45 3 G5-45-3 125.89254 Virus Control at RoomTemperature 45 1 1-cont 5.01 E±04 8.83E±04 45 2 2-cont 6.81 E±04 45 33-cont 1.47E±05 D5 Wash & Spin Cycle 45 1 1-cont 3.16E±04 3.51E±04 45 22-cont 4.22E±04 45 3 3-cont 3.16E±04

Data shown in Table 2 represents the individual dry cleaning processpercent log reduction to the control samples for each coupon set at eachprocess time, and averaged percent reduction of each process on viraldeactivation. The silicone wash and spin rinse tests were combined withthe heat, silicone liquid, and vapor exposure process results to definethe overall percent viral reduction of the complete dry cleaningprocess. A plot showing the percent log reduction efficacy of each ofthe simulated dry cleaning processes and the total process indeactivating SARS-CoV-2 infected wool blend fabric material is shown inFIG. 2 .

VII. Discussion

The results of the testing would suggest that (100% D5) solution drycleaning process has a high level of efficacy in the reduction ofSARS-CoV-2 contaminated clothing. This testing was conducted to providean accurate simulation of patented dry cleaning process in a laboratoryenvironment. Simulation of the drying cycle in a process combing heatand dry cleaning solvent (D5) provided a reduction of approximately75.4% of viable virus. The process of combining heat, vapor and drycleaning solvent (D5) with the drying cycle performed even better,providing a reduction of approximately 96.7% of viable virus. Thecombination of a washing cycle, which included dry cleaning solvent(D5), and a drying cycle, which included combining heat, vapor and drycleaning solvent (D5), performed the best with a reduction ofapproximately 98.6% of viable virus.

It should be noted, that in one simulation of the drying cycle, thecombination of heat, vapor, and liquid condition produced a percent logreduction to virus control of 98.00%. If this one test result werecombined with average wash cycle simulation test results, the serialcombination of a 56.18% wash cycle reduction and the 98.00% drying cyclereduction would produce the optimized calculated result of 99.12% logreduction to the average virus controls.

1-24. (canceled)
 25. A method of treating material that is contaminatedwith SARS-CoV-2 virus or variant thereof, comprising exposing thematerial to a dry cleaning solvent, followed by a drying step at 45°C. - 85° C. wherein the solvent is removed, wherein the method at leastpartially deactivates the virus.
 26. The method of claim 25, wherein thematerial is a fabric.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the fabric isan article of clothing or a fabric household good.
 28. The method ofclaim 25, wherein the method is part of a dry cleaning process.
 29. Themethod of claim 25, wherein the dry cleaning solvent is a siloxane-basedsolvent.
 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the siloxane-based solventis decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), octamethyltetracyclosiloxane, ordodecamethylhexacyclosiloxane.
 31. The method of claim 30, wherein thesiloxane-based solvent is decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5).
 32. Themethod of claim 25, wherein the drying cycle takes place over 3 - 75minutes.
 33. The method of claim 25, wherein the material compriseswool, polyester and/or polyester blend fibers.
 34. The method of claim25, wherein the material comprises cotton, hemp, wool, rayon, polyester,acrylic, silk, or nylon, or blends thereof. 35-36. (canceled)
 37. Themethod of claim 25, wherein the SARS-CoV-2 virus has a lipid-containingcoating and the vapor comprises submicron liquid particles of the drycleaning solvent that penetrate the lipid-containing coating of theSARS-CoV-2 virus.